Feminism meet Counterculture. Notes.

Monday, January 31, 2005

test

Monday, June 07, 2004

Jan 1975 - Photospread
Murdock School, Cupertino
West Schoo, HIllsborough
Sacred Heart High School, Menlo Park
male teacher helps with machines
female teacher sits around with them

the previous issue whatever it is
spread of younger kids 5-8 year olds
first page top, line graphic and the photo it represents of girl poking at the computer
3 girls, 6 boys pictured
teacher sitting on ground, talking to kids, smiling at them is a woman

Fantasy of future forms
"Last issue visited Cybernetic Theatre, one of the storefront which make up the complex of neighborhood Centers. This month, step back and look at the entire complex of offices, classrooms, theatre, workshops, art studios...which could be anywhere there are people interested in making it happen"

"and the nighborhood is finally waking up. Somoen with a megaphone climbs a chair: "All right, it's 7:30 -- we'll be opening in half an hour. Volunteers are still needed to man, oh, people the information booth from 1 till 2 and 3 till clsoing time, 5. If you haven't signed up for chores, see me or Albert and we'll give you info duty."
Shirley's megaphone drones on. An early morning couple is leaning out of their doorway, laughing secretly
Biff the jester "tanalizes children, passes out literature, and brings the neighborhood awake this beautiful saturday morning" Shirley finishes teh details.
Man is setting up Laser Light Show
breakfast is yogurt and granola, and a pot of jasmine. Jim is having baklava and some mexican coffee.
frisbees are being thrown around and somoene runs off and comes back Shirley, who "quietly but sternly" talks to teh crowd.
males play frisbee, men as rockers, men as coffee drinkers

Pac Scarvie - Art info sources 2 page spread
"many times I am frustrated by financial and/or technical limitations on my ideas for environments (<3 sigh) so...I have decided to use this space to share them with you conceptually"

Tom Swift Terminal
suited white man looks at plans, looks pleased, has a ? over his head
"Don't bother Suzie; she's playing with ehr computer." nobody else is playing with computer in this story. only gendered use is female.

Home Computing a hardware status report
Pong tournament with male ref saying score
two males playing, one looks fearfully shocked as he just let the pong into his goal
the other really aggro, sweating

other cartoon: lady "George, the klingons are attacking!" points to TV that has star trek written on it
Dad in suit with classes (lookin' IBM): "Fire photon torpedoes!"
boy looking sad: "Cmon, dad, don't I get a chance?"

20 letters, one from Dr Janis Tupesis Math teacher inquiring abotu compiler, Janet Owen writing from NJ about using computer to teachdisabled child. all experience is in teaching and not in computer science.
Sorosh Ahmed writing about getting a small computer personal use
Jane Donnelly Gawronski - set of plans for the tty from Ninneapolis PUblic Schools

Bob put together his Dragonsmoke page plugging:
- books for autistic children education and computers
- anchor steam beer
- Biofeedback, eelectronic esp devices
- building your computer user group, publication
- belly dancing! Habibi publication $6 / year, photo of 9 scantily clad smiley belly dancing women (black, white, asian, indian?) really the first thing that grabs your attention - or mine, but on lower part of page

jan 76 - v4n4

now no women contributors

Soloworks Curriculum Structure - series of books
covers of various books
critical path analysis - family circus cartoon with boy going to mom saying "i need a hanky" and tracing the path
Single Server Queuing Systems - Ice cream truck with burly man selling ice cream. white boy, white girl, black boy marked by fro and comb/pick in hair, and white girl in line

p6 Fortran man - no Parity as a character right now

Dear PCC (p26)
"The average engiener receives from 3 to 12 magazines a month (besides Playboy)"...letter that generally pitches Spark - by old soldier

loop center related thing by liza loop

26 letters total, 3 by women (one is from VA, writing a SNOBOL compiler for altair 8800, another calculator using woman daring PCC to find a lower random number than what she found using an HP 2000F

on man writes in about family altair (graphic is a victorian image of a baby on a mom's lap and dad sits aside and touchs kid while older kids study in teh background") dad talks about his daughters 8 and 3 years old who are computer addicts (10 year old boy too)
doesn't differentiate them except on age

v4n2 Sep 1975

contributors all men except robin allison this time.

Chiptalk: This year's miracle PACE
men engineers designing chip layout, male hands (black hands, actually) handling silicon wafers in the plant -- physical labor of production
story of cigarette smoking woman who had the unusually high chip yield -- but she was also doing the physical labor of chip production, while gender was included.
icons of a princess/fairy with a magic wand and a smoking cigarette; and a width with a pointy hat, robe, and broom

"story starts with a few enthusiasts, a blackboard, and a whole crew who doubted it could be made at all. Moby chip, as it was known, was not a project for the faint hearted"

"Sometimes a partcular person can make things when others can't..." Company outsourcing chip production, set up production line, taught company how to do it, and "men from the big company went home" and now nobody could do it anymore.
They noticed that one employee on the night shfit, was making far more than all the others combined. But when they watched her, she did no better than anyone else. The mystery was not cleared up until someone who she knew was watching her work and chatting, very late one night. She was loading a batch into the oven and, rather tentatively, remarked that she usually smokeed a cigarette about that time. She was told to go ahead, just do everything the way she usually did when she was alone...like surgeon smoking over the patient, but the batch turned out fine. Later experiments showed that tobacco smoke upped the yield for other employees, but not by very much and they never figured out why, so she eventually made the entire 500 units."

"Magic there is too."
wafer broken up and mounted on the chip. close up of device doing mounting. Macroview of lines of women operating the devices. "The girls who do this work are careful -- but a few more chips bite the dust here. Leaving survivors to go testing.."
picture of woman working with the actual testing machine

Domefilm - men building the geodesic domes in the frame below. link to countercultural stuff definite.

Kingdom computer game - "based on the presmise (like many other computer games) that there are a lot of things the average person would like to do, but, for some reason or another, cannot. To satisfy these urges, there are games through which it is possible to land a spaceship on the moon, quarterback a football team, beat the house at Las Vegas blackjack, or indulge in any number of similar activities...Kingdom lets you rule the world.

Just why everybody seems to have this compulsion to rule the world is still one of nature's great mysteries...turned out everyone who played the game turned out to have a little Alexander the Great (or, in some cases, ivan the Terrible) hiding inside them somewhere."

many male king figures, random old wrinkly men wizards, and sickly ones and such, and a figure I id as female only because the hearts on the robe. seems to be priestessy.

same authors as fortran man
they don't use a single gendered prornoun or term in the whole thing

medieval kingdom as opposed to US of Industrialized Russia "is to keep the rules of the game simple enough to be understandable (and if you have looked at the state of the US economy lately, you may realize how terribly complex the 'rules' can get, and teh kind of terrible mess you can get into by not totally understanding them!)

what does it mean when the ruleset most comprehensible and the one ppl feel most able to engage with is a time when roles were simple, women did their work, people died when they got sick, you couldn't do anything if you were poor, etc? nostalgia in a way.

p8 - "goal of [kingdom] player to rule the world" stricly non-gendered prose. drawing is of a big nosed hairless creature, probably a man. but maybe that wasn't their intent?? wearing a crown sitting at a table with money allocated to various things

many articles seem to hae a self representation thing going on

Design Notes on Tiny Basic by Dennis Allison, Happy Lady ICON, and friends

Driving the Dragon - marketing Altair extenders Bob. Man in suit, white, pointing at a CPU

photo of two lions in africa, clearly male, labeled K Britton and B Mullen at work (p20)

Letters section -

Interantional Women's Year - female symbol with a dove in the center, bicentennial stamp.
all letters from men. stamps from various places like Hong Kong, Helvetia, Australia (letter earlier from australia)

v4n1

Think of Number
Sivasailam Thiagarajan
Charlotte - storyteller
Thiagi - not very mathematical and has not played this game before
Harold - taught math for three years, uses an algebraic approach and stored the information as an evergrowing equation
Lucy - loves numbers, "her analytical brain functions this way." she wins because she gets the number first.
Thiagi is next storyteller
pictures at bottom: boy and girl (braids/lashes, big hair) thinking of numbers

Community Memory: a public information netowrk by Ken Colstad and Efrem LIpkin
(c) 1975 IEEE - do they publish stuff like this anymore?
purpose of jounral "to encourage and develop teh dialogues which are starting concerning the desireability and possible forms of low- or non-hierachical communications systems which can be created, shaped, and used by people in their daily lives as members of communities"

lots of dragons, moon cartoons, celtic patterns, flowers, cars, computers, really non-representational icons, and of course dragons because it is bob, dancing computer icon -- though none of these non-human things are ever marked female except for the flowers. moons and dancing computers and rockets default male identified -- style of hat and shoes.

all letters to editor from men (10ish)
contributors has only robin allison and candy nadel among women
there is an article included from Computerworld on McDonald's and the Caltech students who used computers to enter 1.2 millione ntry blanks so they won $40k of the prizes
written by Catherine Arnst

Sunday, June 06, 2004

Fwd: Fortran Man & more questions

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Lilly Irani
Date: Sun, 6 Jun 2004 14:04:19 -0700
Subject: Fortran Man & more questions
To: Phyllis Cole & Lee Yamada
Cc: Lilly Irani

Phyllis -

I hope you had a great trip up to Mount Tamalpais. As promised, I have
a few follow up questions after spending more time with People's
Computing yesterday.

1) Do you remember the comic strip Fortran Man? I've attached a pdf
showing just a snippet of it to jog your memory. It seems that in the
middle of its multi-issue tenure, a sole female character named parity
(probably a computer reference to parity checks, but also quote ironic
given the gender and "gender parity"). Do you remember much about the
story of Parity's inclusion? She doesn't seem to advance the plot of
the comics at all in the issues I've read.

The Power of Feminism at Twin Oaks Community

Hotly contested whether woman only activities had any place in a stricly egalitarian community. even the female founder took issue with it, not just the men taking offense.

Two feminist methods:
- naming
- consciousness raising

Notes on PCC reading

May/June 77 - v5n6
Letters
"People's Computers is aimed at beginners and intermediates. Dr Dobbs Journal of Computer Calisthenics and Orthodontia is for heavy hackers -- if you don't know what that means, it's probably not for you. Computer Music Journal is a state-of-the-art publication for specialists or would be specialists in computer music."

So here, PC positioned as pub segmenting interest group by skill level, but also the not-hacker group. So hacker, while often used to describe a certain kind of engagement with a machine (a hacker won't necessarily be expert on deploying a system that works with your work process, but they can design/architect inside box) is also implicitly elevated to a high-skill computer person -- the highest level in the "field." And if you're not at that level, you won't really be part of conversations that will get you talking, thinking at that level.

Letter on human computing survey from Andrew Clement in Vancouver
"I am particularly interested in hearing from people who are working wtih small-scale computers that involve and serve more than just computer people." Implicit here is that to use computers is not necessarily to be a computer person.

Letter from woman who calls out for need for comprehensible manuals, as computing is currently a "man's world" and women don't have the background/experience with electronics, etc. Friend in Detroit Comp Club reported hundred men and 3 or 4 women.
- Response from Don Inman of Dymax is that problem isn't that you're female. It's that you're a beginner, and reports on 10-14 year old kids who use computers for 15 mins and then start program. Kids have no "life experiences males in dealing with electricity..." so "male skills" are not necessary for computer use. He uses quotes, so clearly he doesn't really believe that they are male skills. He also categorizes users into "recreation, education, controlling external devices, etc." Do other create similar typologies?
- Response from Alice Ahlgren
Of the "being a woman does put you in a minority, but it'll change as more women enter" variety. And current state isn't surprising. Men and women both have issues with computers and we need lots more literature.
- Response from Rita Liff
Basically like Unlocking the Clubhouse. Lays it out and calls for a conference, call to action. Observes that girls often take passive observing role in participatory science centers, girls note depicted in roles other than mother, secretary, etc, and that some women do enter these fields. Lawrence Hall of Sci, Cromemco, and Mills cosponsoring conference on these issues. Wow. Incredibly sophisticated, Rita Liff.

Fortran Man
Herr Doktor Debug has a beautiful daughter Parity.
Doktor: "I am leaving Parity here in your care, Ludwig...she is still tired from the journey. We can transmit ourselves back to the village much faster if we travel without Parity."
I think it's more a play on error checking, but not sure.
They run off and Parity doesn't play into story for rest of comic.
They're examining some misbehaving register and a messenger arrives from Junction City but the message arrives without Parity! "I'm afraid we must assume that Parity has fallen into the clutches of Count Algol!!" Gasp!!! says doktor.

next Fortran Man, Parity doesn't appear. In the one after, she's back. Doktor: "I'm not completely alone -- I have my beautiful daughter Parity to keep me company! Have you met?" P: "Greetings, mein Herr! Velcome to Transistoria! Mein father has told me so much abuot you!" She is a P with a boy on a ponytail.
next frame: formal intros completed, they head for the village. Parity silence this and next frame.
F: We need to capture the culprit! P: "I want to help too!"
next: D: "Run home and fetch my bag, parity dear. I have many calls to make." P: "Yes father."

Another Fortran Man
Fman off to fight count algol by himself -- a hero never runs "parallel processing." DD wishes Fortran safety and Parity echoes "Me too! Promise me you'll be careful!"

Lawrence Hall of Science: Women & Math Projects
purpose: stimulating curiousity and interest in mathematics through ands-on experiences. puzzles, games, and computer activities.
survey oof physical and life sci, comp sci, math classes - females only 25% of total students enrolled. Since spr 1974, 350 have taken tuition math for girls but total females enrolled in other Lawrence Hall classes doubled, increasing total female enrollment to 35% of student pop
taught by math, math ed, or comp sci berkeley students that are women
also discuss stereotypes of girls and math, importance of math background

Quark by SLAC scientist
Symmetry is beautiful like the perfect body of a beautiful woman. Man, I'm so unhip that I have to quote this.
The Charm Quark is a short breasty chick in a dress with a wizard hat and a wand.

First computer story - shepherdess intentionally a woman, says bob. "And to this day, when someone is high, we say she is stoned."

Who We Are
185 of 191 survey respondents were men! Phyllis finds it notable enough to mention it in the first section "judging by names 97% are men...ok, si females tend to lack proportional representation in many fields. But most computer related areas aren't so biased. Hmmm..." later "What a superbly motley crew! Except, of course, that 185 of 191 are men."

Yet another Fortran Man where Parity does nothing but worry about ppl's health and offer help in her curly-queued form factor.

Computer conferencing article - Johansen, Spangler, Vallee
pictures of woman and woman/man pair using computer in the home, pic of man in the office, pic of handicapped man and woman (all white of course) in home ostensibly conferencing.
savvy: "Psychotherapy may also find uses for the medium: for instance, the altered environment for self-presentation may help in defining self-concept (for example, in relating to persons of the opposite sex or other races)" --predicts turkle
"providing handicapped persons with a channel to the outside world"

PCNET 1979 by Dave Caulkins
has pic of woman jubilant over a cake and man jubilant over some sort of document book thing
a bit of sci fi about use of personal computer net that had just been announced in Palo Alto
Linda manages recipes (as does Mary Henderson apparently) for cake
Jim collects stamps (and the other two members of his club are men too) and works with Tom at Acme Widget Works in sales.
pretty traditional.

jan feb 78 - v6n4
Computer Revolution by Phyllis Cole
Her fantasy of computing in 1980 is one where computer helps manage home lighting, power consumption, child education, and even studying for pilot's licenses (both you and your spouse). Markedly less traditional than Dave Caulkins' scenario. And markedly different from notions of home computing represented in recreational computing people's computing issue later on by bob kahn.

jul aug 78 - v7n1 Bob Kahn's 1st issue
TRS-80 review implied to one reader that reviewer was fallaciously asserting that "only the hardware hobbyist is interested in programming." Bob Kahn responds that he doesn't think Tom was implying that. "Perhaps his distinction between hobbyist and consumer was a little tight, but there is certainly some truth in it."

California's Computer Whiz Kids by Suzanne Rodriguez
"This article brings me a pleasant sense of deja vu... Ah to be a young computer whiz kid again... (sigh). When Dragon Emeritus Albrecht first came to my high school to talk about FORTRAN, these whiz kids were busy being born!" SR if studying journalism and currently working at Zilog with Judy Estrin, who organized competition along with Barbara Koalkin of PARC
women have big roles in competition but women don't seem to participate. all pictured are men. And quite a few asian kids. But rarely do you actually see asian kids in photo spreads. First asian kid I've seen ever in publication actually.

Letter from Kathleen Hardiman Arnold (Commission on Status of Women - SF, CA)
researching homemakers, working women, and 'workwives' and impact of technology on them and their families. how computers (home use) and comp-based equipment will be marketed to the homemaker.
ask phyllis if she ever got in touch with this person

Fortran man - Parity is gone gone gone.

ask phyllis - what was bob kahn like?
Public Access Computers has 3 photos - 2 feature girls and computers, last one has two boys with a computer. Lots of attention to "parity"

sep oct 1978 - v7n2
SOON TO BE RECREATIONAL COMPUTING

black boy on cover of magazine using the computer in a museum
"emphasize the fact that in future issues we intend to focus on computing as a recreational and educational pastime." that letter about hobbyists and consumers was sort of about an identity conflict. this seems to speak to that crystallizing typologies. "intend to address ourselves to the main use of computers in the home -- games, programs and diversions for entertainment and home education...look for more programs and articles on fantasy/adventure games and simulations, more computing problems for you to solve and diversions for you to puzzle over, more on graphics and more on packagagedc micrsystems -- in black & white...and color!"
but this somehow seems mapped onto a male experience of being in the home and what you'd want to do there. what's the alternative? phyllis' articles and proposals.

more typology crystallization
ppl's computers "magazine for beginning and intermediate level computer users..."
dr dobbs journal "significant systems and applications software in the public domain and provides a forum for the personal computing community...THE software source for microcomputers."

sep oct 1978 - dragon is back
marin computer center - mixed race photo, girl and mommy using computers; signified feminism but I'm thinking that subtle understanding of feminist consciousness will no longer be there.
ask phyllis whether any women comp user community ever got built up around people's computers during her two year tenure

Saturday, June 05, 2004

1971 Survey on National Attitudes Towards Computers

46% of men strongly favored "a young person" entering "the computer field as a career" while 43% of women did. That's pretty close.

87% of both men (n=492) and women (n=509) believe that it is true that "most jobs in the computer field" are "good for women". Less but same for m and f was 81% who believed that it "offers good oportunities for high level professional people and scientists." Holy shit dude. 1971. Have we moved backwards? Women less frequently believed that it required lots of training (4% less) or that it was creative (14% less men!) than did men.

People's Computers

Sep/Oct 1978

Editor's notes

We have reached a turning point for People's Computers...focus on home stuff. Games, programs and diversions for entertainment and home education. Whose home stuff is this? What about cooking? Child care? Whose concerns are represented? Fantasy games??

Nov Dec 1978

Dragon is BACK!
back to the fantasies, back to the oblivious, kind hearted traditionalism?

Parity seems to be gone from Fortran Man

possible sketch of a paper

PCC was a site informed by feminism, though not explicitly feminist in its goals.
- Bob as evidence of this.
- Geez, Phyllis Cole (editor of last few PCCs, then People's Computing, chosen by Bob) was a feminist. Not the pageant-protest kind, but the mobilize people at work (SRI) to demand equal pay kind. And she said Greening of America was like a spark for her too.

Tried to accomplish this through inclusion in iconography, mythologies
- Bob's story of The First Computer is intentionally about a shepherdess
- Inclusion of girls in photospread
- Phyllis referring to consciously political correct representations (the right bodies and colors) in the pictures

However, role segregation at PCC (not in a mean way, but in a "that's just how it was" way)
- men as hackers
- women as teachers, users
- iconography analysis again, photo analyses, backed up by the words of dennis allison, liza loop etc
- Phyllis Cole: PCC had women who coded, but not women who hacked.
- can i connect this or echo it with role segregation in the counterculture?
- can I support this idea of women's relations with technology with feminist readings at the time?

as computing exploded, so did subfields
- fissure of PCC into Dr Dobbs / Homebrew (hardware, hacking) , People's Computing / Recreational Computing (tool use)
- Proportion of women involved in People's Computing much higher than PCC. The publication got feminized in staff, though as Phyllis points out, men still wrote half the articles.

what was demise of these publications in the 1980s? I know Phyllis Cole left after two years because she just couldn't get a budget out of the board, and this was the same board that runs Dr. Dobb's. Hackers seemed to say that Dr. Dobbs wasn't getting much money either. My hypothesis is that hardcore computing Dr Dobbs stuck around while teach-y pubs lost audience. Didn't appeal to "computer people," didn't appeal to "teachy" people. Need to learn more about demise of People's Computing.

Why do I care? Because the % of women getting CS degrees peaked in 1984, shortly after these community shaping moments were happening.

Friday, June 04, 2004

Images of men and women computing

photos of men computing tend to be them engaged. very few where they are posing for the camera.

joanne verplank has appeared in two issues in a row in photos (wearing same outfit), getting in car and sitting with a machine perhaps. need to dbl check.

how is it that all those women letters appeared at once? did they save them up or something?

----------------------
what I need are tools of analysis
look at "making technology masculine"
closed world

examine metaphors of technological thinking (reread!) and what kinds of metaphors are visible in PCC newsletters for computers, computer users

for how people use the computer together in drawn images

Historical/Political context of PCC

Images in PCC

Roles in the PCC

Why did publications like People's Computing, Recreational Computing go away?
Increasing feminization of fields, then economic downturn as eric said and those roles got eliminated?

I thought it was really interesting that Liza Loop viewed programming as the feminized occupation and thus imagined that more women are participating in that realm.

coders users coders users coders users

Feminist ideologies of technologies - shulamith firestone: women as users rather than builders even there.

sketch of an argument:
PCC was a site informed by feminism, though not explicitly feminist in its goals. bob as evidence of this.

tried to accomplish this through inclusion in iconography, mythologies
The first computer, inclusion of girls in photospread

however, role segregation at PCC
- men as hackers
- women as teachers, users
- iconography analysis again, photo analyses, backed up by the words of dennis allison, etc
- can i connect this or echo it with role segregation in the counterculture?
- can I support this idea of women's relations with technology with feminist readings at the time?

as computing exploded, so did subfields
- fissure of PCC into Dr Dobbs, Homebrew, People's Computing and then Recreational Computing
- these publications and organizations show the sex segregation at work

what was demise of these publications in the 1980s? seems to match reduced levels of women in computer science. my hypothesis is that hardcore pubs stuck around while teachy pubs lost audience. didn't appeal to "computer people," didn't appeal to "teachy" people.

Thursday, June 03, 2004

Liza Loop Box 2

"University of California"
Lawrence Hall of Science
A Research Center in Science Education
April 13, 1978

letter to liza, listing of women in bay area women in science and math

----

Friday, May 14, 2004

Questions for Liza Loop

Tell me the stories of how you became involved in the PCC.
- What was your involvement? How did it change over time?

How did others come to the PCC? (New Left vs New Comunitarians)

From my research so far, I have the impression that PCC was about bringing computers to the people, hands on and on their own terms. Which people?
- Who tended to participate in PCC activities?
- Were gender or race explicitly discussed as categories of concern? If so, how? If not, do you have any reflections on why?

How did the feminist movements of the 60s and 70s impact you at the time?

What was access to publishing like for the women of the PCC?

What was decision making structure around the PCC (and CCC) like?

How did they tend to get involved? What kinds of folks were involved in the PCC?

From your papers, it seems that you care a lot about women and education, math, science, and computers is something you seem to a lot about in your papers. Can you tell me how and why this became important to you?
- What was the role of Math/Science Network?
- Did these groups ever interact with PCC or computing organizations?
- Did you feel gender was a category of interest in the operation of PCC during those times?

Jan 1975 Girls outnumber boys photo spread

Who else might I speak with?

Regional Oral History

tips, tricks, etc at berkeley

More PCC Readin'

May 1974
(p19 - letters)
"Thanks a lot for the addresses of teh BASIC books, David Ahl and Jean Danver. Is Jean Danver a Mrs. Danver or Miss Danver? I put MS. as a compromise, I hope she's liberated." - Mike (Just Peachy) Pitt
the tone of the post is ver jokey, self-deprecating, energetic. feminists reach has extended to this fellow. why does he ask about jean's status anyways? Ms. then not really legitimized as a satisfactory term?

Greg Bateson interview packet
Nancy Hertert Dragon Shirts p26

question - What was access to publishing like for the women of the PCC? How did they tend to get involved? What kinds of folks were involved in the PCC? What was decision making around the PCC (and CCC) like? Women and education, math, science, and computers is something you seem to have cared about in your papers. Can you tell me the stories of how and why this became important to you?
when it rains, it pours...

The DEC dragon birth myth story
"About this time, in a moment of rare lucidity, he married his editor, Mary Jo, relieving her of the tedium of a perfectly good career in an eminently respectable publishing house." (2)

Domefilm - shows Joe, 22, and Robin, 19, building geodesic dome. is robin a woman?

Jan 1975
Introducing the Altair
"couldn't find a picture of the INtel 8080 in time for this issue, but here is a picture of the intel 8008, litle sister to the 8080." cute chip pictured
what makes chips be sisters?

gender is never at all mentioned explicitly in PCC except by default "him" "he" "himself" words

Ted Nelson's Computer Lib
Is this a takeoff of women's lib?"

"If you are interested in democracy and its future, you'd better understand computers. And if you are concerned about power and the way it is being used, and aren't we all right now, the same thing goes." "Summary: Man has created the myth of 'the computer' in his own image, or one of them: cold, immaculate, sterile, "scientific," oppressive.

Some ppl flee this image. Others, drawn toward it have joined the cold-sterile-oppressive cult, and propogate it like a faith. Many are still about this mischief, making people do things rigidly and saying it is the computer's fault.

Stil others see computers for what the really are: versatile gizmos which may be turned to any purpose, in any style. And so a wealth of new styles and human purposes are being proposed and tried, each proponent prpounding his own dream in his own very personal way."
generic male, but first paragraph almost seems directly at least male stereotype.
them: cold, immaculate, sterile, 'scientific,' oppressiveeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee