No Turning Back - Estelle Freedman
"Radicalized in New Left organizations such as SNCC, idealistic activists soon objected to the limitations placed on them as women. Like Maria Stewart and Sarah and Angelina Grimke more than a century earlier, then hoped to be full participants in the quest for racial justice. When men in the movement relegated them to serving coffee, cooking, and having sex, these young women applied their political analysis to gender. Ruby Doris Smith Robinson, a black activist, inspired Casey Hayden and Mary King to write a position paper on women in the movement." (86)
Students for a Democratic Society had similar issues --> "women like 3rd world ppl -- colonized by white males." This group eventually gave rise to the Weathermen, advocates of violent overthrow.
politics of self-determination --> separatist movements
Shulamith Firestone "injustices of class/race end only when women achieve equality" --> similar to counterculture in white middle-class feminism ignoring race, basically
consciousness-raising --> "the personal is political"
Bonnie Kreps (1968): "We in this segment of the movement do not believe that the oppression of women will be ended by giving them a bigger piece of the pie as Betty Friedan would have it. We believe that the pie itself is rotten." How Charles Reich "drop out" is that?
sidenote: lesbianism as an escape from patriarchal notions of romance -- the only possible true love. this seems at least at tension with the argument that it's not a choice -- it's who the person is and it is in part biologically determined characteristic. lots of janus faces going on here.
"To Donna Haraway, who calls all identities 'fabricated hybrids,' our consciousness of gender, race, or class 'is an achievement forced on us by the terrible historical experiences of...patriarchy, colonialism, and capitalism." (93) --> usefulness of gender, racial labels
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